रक्षाबन्धन

रक्षाबन्धन एक हिन्दू त्यौहार है जो प्रतिवर्ष श्रावण मास की पूर्णिमा के दिन मनाया जाता है। श्रावण (सावन) में मनाये जाने के कारण इसे श्रावणी (सावनी) या सलूनो भी कहते हैं। ग्रेगोरियन कैलेण्डर के अनुसार 2014 में रक्षाबन्धन रविवार, 10 अगस्त को मनाया गया। रक्षाबन्धन में राखी या रक्षासूत्र का सबसे अधिक महत्व है। राखी कच्चे सूत जैसे सस्ती वस्तु से लेकर रंगीन कलावे, रेशमी धागे, तथा सोने या चाँदी जैसी मँहगी वस्तु तक की हो सकती है। राखी सामान्यतः बहनें भाई को ही बाँधती हैं परन्तु ब्राह्मणों, गुरुओं और परिवार में छोटी लड़कियों द्वारा सम्मानित सम्बन्धियों (जैसे पुत्री द्वारा पिता को) भी बाँधी जाती है। कभी कभी सार्वजनिक रूप से किसी नेता या प्रतिष्ठित व्यक्ति को भी राखी बाँधी जाती है।

अब तो प्रकृति संरक्षण हेतु वृक्षों को राखी बाँधने की परम्परा भी प्रारम्भ हो गयी है। हिन्दुस्तान में राष्ट्रीय स्वयंसेवक संघ के पुरुष सदस्य परस्पर भाईचारे के लिये एक दूसरे को भगवा रंग की राखी बाँधते हैं। हिन्दू धर्म के सभी धार्मिक अनुष्ठानों में रक्षासूत्र बाँधते समय कर्मकाण्डी पण्डित या आचार्य संस्कृत में एक श्लोक का उच्चारण करते हैं, जिसमें रक्षाबन्धन का सम्बन्ध राजा बलि से स्पष्ट रूप से दृष्टिगोचर होता है। यह श्लोक रक्षाबन्धन का अभीष्ट मन्त्र है। इस श्लोक का हिन्दी भावार्थ है- "जिस रक्षासूत्र से महान शक्तिशाली दानवेन्द्र राजा बलि को बाँधा गया था, उसी सूत्र से मैं तुझे बाँधता हूँ, तू अपने संकल्प से कभी भी विचलित न हो।"

अनुष्ठान

प्रातः स्नानादि से निवृत्त होकर लड़कियाँ और महिलाएँ पूजा की थाली सजाती हैं। थाली में राखी के साथ रोली या हल्दी, चावल, दीपक, मिठाई और कुछ पैसे भी होते हैं। लड़के और पुरुष तैयार होकर टीका करवाने के लिये पूजा या किसी उपयुक्त स्थान पर बैठते हैं। पहले अभीष्ट देवता की पूजा की जाती है, इसके बाद रोली या हल्दी से भाई का टीका करके चावल को टीके पर लगाया जाता है और सिर पर छिड़का जाता है, उसकी आरती उतारी जाती है, दाहिनी कलाई पर राखी बाँधी जाती है और पैसों से न्यौछावर करके उन्हें गरीबों में बाँट दिया जाता है। भारत के अनेक प्रान्तों में भाई के कान के ऊपर भोजली या भुजरियाँ लगाने की प्रथा भी है। भाई बहन को उपहार या धन देता है। इस प्रकार रक्षाबन्धन के अनुष्ठान को पूरा करने के बाद ही भोजन किया जाता है। प्रत्येक पर्व की तरह उपहारों और खाने-पीने के विशेष पकवानों का महत्व रक्षाबन्धन में भी होता है। आमतौर पर दोपहर का भोजन महत्वपूर्ण होता है और रक्षाबन्धन का अनुष्ठान पूरा होने तक बहनों द्वारा व्रत रखने की भी परम्परा है। पुरोहित तथा आचार्य सुबह सुबह यजमानों के घर पहुँचकर उन्हें राखी बाँधते हैं और बदले में धन वस्त्र और भोजन आदि प्राप्त करते हैं। यह पर्व भारतीय समाज में इतनी व्यापकता और गहराई से समाया हुआ है कि इसका सामाजिक महत्व तो है ही, धर्म, पुराण, इतिहास, साहित्य और फ़िल्में भी इससे अछूते नहीं हैं।

Babatpur Railway Station

A small railway station connecting Babatpur to Lucknow and Varanasi is located in Babatpur. Varanasi Junction is the major railway station, which is situated 20 Kms away from the place. Varanasi Junction railway station is linked to all major cities of the country via trains.

Shravan Maas or Sawan Month or Shravan Mahina

* The month of Shravan, popularly known as Sawan, is the fifth month of the Hindu calender beginning from Chaitra, and is the most auspicious month of the Chaturmas. On Purnima or fullmoon day, or during the course of the month the star ' Shravan'  rules the sky, hence the month is called Shravan.

* Shravan Mahina, or Sawan Month or Shravan Maas (July – August) is one of the holiest months in a traditional Hindu calendar. Each region in India considers this month as holy and numerous vrats and rituals are performed during the period.

* Shravan Mahina, or Sawan Month or Shravan Maas, is dedicated to Lord Shiva in North India.

* Each Monday of this month, known as Shravan Somvar, is a special day in Shiva temples where the dharanatra hangs over the linga or the idol to bathe it with holy water, day and night.

* Devotees pile the linga high with Bel leaves and flowers and fast till sunset.

* It is considered highly auspicious to wear a rudraksha in Shravan month.

* All, Mondays or Somvars of Shravan month are specially observed with austerity. All Mondays are devoted to the worship of Shiva as this day is sacred to Lord Shiva. No other Mondays of other months are so greatly honored.

* The belief is that in Shravan month, offering milk to Lord Shiva earns a lot of punya.

Story

The legend says that when the churning of oceans - Samudra Manthan - took place in the month of Shravan, fourteen different types of rubies came out. Thirteen of these were distributed amongst the demons, except Halahal (poison). Lord Shiva drank the Halahal and stored it in his throat. Hence the name Neelkantha (meaning blue throat) is attributed to Shiva.

To reduce the strong effect of poison, Lord Shiva wore the crescent moon on his head. All the Gods, thereafter started offering the Ganges water to  cool Lord Shiva and to alleviate the ill effects of the poison.

Since, this happened in the month of Shravana, since then the Shiva devotees offer the Ganges water in this month. 

Guru Purnima

Hindus attach paramount importance to spiritual gurus. Gurus are often equated with God and always regarded as a link between the individual and the Immortal. Just as the moon shines by reflecting the light of the sun, and glorifies it, all disciples can dazzle like the moon by gaining from their Gurus.

What is Guru Purnima?

The full moon day in the Hindu month of Ashad (July-August) is observed as the auspicious day of Guru Purnima, a day sacred to the memory of the great sage Maharshi Veda Vyasa. All Hindus are indebted to this ancient saint who edited the four Vedas, wrote the 18 Puranas, Mahabharata and the Srimad Bhagavatam. Vyasa even taught Dattatreya, who is regarded as the Guru of Gurus.

Significance of Guru Purnima

On this day, all spiritual aspirants and devotees worship Vyasa in honor of his divine personage and all disciples perform a 'puja' of their respective spiritual preceptor or 'Gurudevs'.

This day is of deep significance to the farmers, for it heralds the setting in of the much-needed rains, as the advent of cool showers usher in fresh life in the fields. It is a good time to begin your spiritual lessons. Traditionally, spiritual seekers commence to intensify their spiritual 'sadhana' from this day.

The period 'Chaturmas' ("four months") begins from this day. In the past, wandering spiritual masters and their disciples used to settle down at a place to study and discourse on the Brahma Sutras composed by Vyasa, and engage themselves in Vedantic discussions.

The Role of the Guru

Swami Sivananda asks: "Do you realize now the sacred significance and the supreme importance of the Guru's role in the evolution of man? It was not without reason that the India of the past carefully tended and kept alive the lamp of Guru-Tattva. It is therefore not without reason that India, year after year, age after age, commemorates anew this ancient concept of the Guru, adores it and pays homage to it again and again, and thereby re-affirms its belief and allegiance to it. For, the true Indian knows that the Guru is the only guarantee for the individual to transcend the bondage of sorrow and death, and experience the Consciousness of the Reality."

Shivpur Rathyatra Mela

The Rath Yatra of Lord Jagannath on the traditional chariot on Wednesday commenced in the city under heavy security deployment.

Amidst traditional gaiety the devotees took out a procession with the idols of Lord Jagnnath, Subhadra and Balbhadra from the Jagnnath temple in Assi area. After three-day fair, held annually as a part of Rathyatra festival in Rathyatra Crossing, the procession culminated at Shivpur where the idols were placed on the beautifully decorated traditional chariot, after religious rituals.

The one-day fair, held annually as a part of Rathyatra festival , in Shivpur Varanasi City.

Ganga Dussehra

Ganga Dussehra, held over the first 10 days of the month of Jyeshtha (in June), celebrates Gangavataran - the descent of the Ganga to earth. The Ganga, largest of India's rivers and the most sacred to Hindus, holds a unique place in Indian consciousness. Regarded as a celestial river originating in the heavens, she is worshipped as the mother who washes away all the sins of mankind.

The first ten days of the month Jyeshtha, known as Dashahara, are dedicated to honour the river Ganges. It is believed that if one offers prayers on this day, one attains salvation from ten sins. The festival's name Dussehra is derived from 'Dus' which connotes ten and ' hara' which means defeat. Thus the name Ganga Dusshera.

Celebrations

During this festival ten days of the month are devoted to the worship of Holy River Ganga venerated by the Hindus as a mother as well as a goddess, particularly by people of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Bengal through which the river flows. Devotees flock to Rishikesh, Haridwar, Garh-Mukteshwar, Prayag, Varanasi to meditate and take a holy dip. They take the river clay home to worship.

In the evening, thousands of leaf boats laden with flames, flowers, and sweetmeats are offered to the river and they flow with the current to the sounds of the bells and bhajans, kirtans and shlokas recited during the arati.

On this day, if a devotee is unable to visit and bathe in the river Ganga, then Ganga jal (water) kept in most Hindu homes is used for purification. A bath in the river is said to purify the bather of all sins. The Ganga is revered all over India even in places far from its course.

Legend of Ganga Dussehra

According to the legend, King Sagara of the Ikshvaku dynasty ruling at Ayodhya had two queens, Keshani and Sumati, but neither had a child. Sagara performed severe austerities before his wives could produce sons. But whereas Keshani gave birth to a son called Asmajas, Sumati bore 60,000 sons. Sagara performed the Ashwamedha sacrifice to declare his suzerainty over the neighboring kingdoms. According to the prevalent custom, the sacrificial horse were let loose and allowed to wander into the neighboring kingdoms. 

If the horse was caught, a battle ensued and the outcome decided the winner. The 60,000 sons of Sagara were following the horse when they saw him enter a cavern where sage Kapila was meditating. Not seeing the horse in the cavern, they presumed that Kapila had captured it. They did not kill Kapila as he was a sage but they started disturbing his meditations. Annoyed at being disturbed, Kapila with a curse burnt the 60,000 sons of Sagara. Time passed and later Bhagiratha, the great grandson of Sagara, chanced to come across the bones of his dead ancestors. He wanted to perform the shraddha of his ancestors but there was no water available for the ceremony. Agastya having drunk all the waters of the ocean, the country was passing through a severe drought. Bhagiratha prayed to Brahma, the Creator, to end the drought. Brahma asked him to pray to Vishnu to allow Ganga that was sourcing from his toe, to come down to earth. 

Vishnu when prayed to by Bhagiratha agreed, but asked him to request Shiva, the third member of the Hindu trinity of Gods, to allow the torrential rain to fall on his head before it came to the earth as the river was very forceful and if she were allowed to come down unchecked, her fall would split the earth. Shiva agreed to take the gigantic weight of the cascading Ganga on the matted hair piled high on his head. This ensnared and delayed the progress of the river and flowed to the plains bestowing its waters on the parched earth.